A | The UN General Assembly in New York is meeting Tuesday to discuss ways to make the Security Council more representative and equitable.,The meeting, convened by General Assembly President Abdulla Shahid in a letter dated July 7, is tasked with deliberating the “question of equitable representation and an increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Security Council.” Sahid is expected to present a draft oral decision “following consultations” with General Assembly members.,A draft presented on the UN’s website reaffirms “the central role of the General Assembly concerning the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council,” and expresses “the commitment of heads of state and government representing the peoples of the world to instill new life in the discussions on the reform of the Security Council.”,The draft proposes the continuation of “intergovernmental negotiations on Security Council reform” at the upcoming 77th General Assembly in September, including the creation of an “open-ended working group” to discuss the matter.,Background,Created as part of the United Nations after the end of the Second World War, the Security Council consists of the world’s five major nuclear powers (Russia, China, the United States, France, and Britain) and 10 rotating non-permanent members. Collectively, their main goal is the maintenance of international peace and security.,A key difference between the UN and its Security Council and the League of Nations – the defunct intergovernmental organization formed in the aftermath of the First World War, is the inclusion in the former of the right for each permanent member to veto substantive resolutions made by other members, such as accepting new members into the UN, or authorizing the use of force against another country.,The veto concept was a hard-fought victory of the Soviet delegation at the San Francisco conference on the UN’s formation. Moscow argued for the right of veto to prevent one or more major powers from ganging up on others to pursue national geopolitical, economic, or military interests at the expense of others using the UN platform to provide such actions with legitimacy.,The veto principle enabled the Security Council and the UN generally to the survive multiple international crises, both during the Cold War and in the three decades after 1991, and ensured that the UN did not collapse, as its League of Nations predecessor did, in times of crisis.,Putin on 75th Anniversary of WWII: Shared Responsibility to History and Future18 June 2020, 19:47 GMT,Why Reform Now?,The Security Council underwent two major reforms: in 1965, when the original non-permanent membership was increased from six to ten to account for the emergence of new countries in the Global South after the collapse of European colonial empires, and in 1971, when the US dropped its veto to allow the People’s Republic of China to take up its rightful seat at the Security Council, replacing Taiwan.,Discussions on reforming the Security Council began anew in the early 1990s, as the United States and its allies, convinced of their triumph and status as leaders of a new global order following the collapse of the USSR, began discussing the "end of history" and conceptualizing ways to make the 21st century an “American century.” On the other side of the debate, rising powers from the Third World began pushing to reform the UN to make it more representative of their interests.,In 2005, rising economic giants India and Brazil, as well as Germany and Japan, the defeated Axis powers, formed the so-called G4 group of nations to support one another’s push for permanent Security Council membership. In 2005, then-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan put forward a proposal to expand the council to 24 members, either by creating six new permanent members and three new non-permanent ones, or eight new non-permanent members of a new class of rotating members and one additional non-permanent seat. In 2017, the G4 announced their readiness to temporarily accept non-veto wielding status to become permanent Security Council members.,Opponents of reforming the Security Council have made arguments on the basis of perceived balance of power-related concerns, such as Pakistan opposing India’s permanent membership, or Spain and Italy opposing German membership, South Korea opposing Japanese membership, and major Latin American powers like Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia opposing Brazil’s membership. Other rising powers, such as Turkey, have argued in favor of the Security Council’s expansion to better represent Asian, Latin American, and African countries.,Moscow has paid a heavy price for its permanent membership in the Security Council, first through its central role in defeating Nazi Germany and Japan during the Second World War, and then in 1991, by taking upon itself the entirety of the USSR’s $66 billion perestroika-era debt after the country’s collapse. But Russia has also expressed support for reforming the body to better represent developing nations, particularly India and Brazil, as well as a candidate from Africa. At BRICS summits in 2021 and 2022, Russia and China reiterated their continued support for improving the BRICS’ status at the UN, including via a comprehensive reform of the Security Council.,Iran Asks to Join BRICS27 June, 17:19 GMT,In recent months, these calls have grown louder, with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov indicating in April that countries from the Global South would be an excellent way to curb the “unilateralism” of the West at the UN.,Last week, Russian Ambassador to China Andrei Denisov reaffirmed Russia’s readiness to discuss the expansion of the Security Council to provide membership to India and Brazil, but not US allies Germany and Japan.,“Russia is calling for the expansion of the UN Security Council based on a broad consensus. It requires increasing the proportionate share of African, Asian and Latin American countries for the UN Security Council to be able to reflect the aspirations of people around the world and be a more democratic body,” Denisov said, speaking at the World Peace Forum in Beijing on July 4.,“At the same time, I would like to be frank – we aren’t ready to support the accession of actors such as Germany and Japan. We don’t see any added value from their potential accession. Given the current balance on the Council – or imbalance, I should say, the membership of the two aforementioned candidates is unlikely to strengthen it, rather it will make the imbalance even more striking,” the diplomat stressed.,An Idea Whose Time Has Come?,“It appears that all nations are aware that the UNSC must become more inclusive and representative of the reality of today’s world,” says Paolo Raffone, director of the CIPI Foundation, a Brussels-based think tank.,According to the observer, apart from the 1971 modification of the Council to reflect China taking over Taiwan’s seat, the UNSC of today still largely “reflects the world of 1945.”,“For many years the UNSC has been blocked by cross-veto proceedings, affecting stability and peace in the world. Unblocking the UNSC is the most urgent need for all nations wishing for the effectiveness of a rule-based international systems,” Raffone argues.,Raffone favors adding BRICS countries into the mix, pointing to their collective status representing “the largest share of world population, land and [purchasing power parity],” as well as “spectacular” economic growth over the past two decades. “Their inclusion in the UNSC would certainly strive to keep globalization alive under new rules and governance,” and reduce problems such as lack of democracy, poor geographical representation, and “lack of legitimacy for ensuring global governance” of the current body, he believes.,The observer emphasizes, however, that for any reform initiative to succeed, two-thirds of the UN’s member states would have vote for and ratify it, with every permanent member of the Security Council also needing to agree – no easy task to pull off.,EXCLUSIVE: New Delhi Does Not Support Attempts to Isolate Russia, Says Russian Ambassador to India5 July, 10:29 GMT,New Multipolar World Order,“The enlargement of the UN Security Council would formally certify, on the international level, the transition from US unipolarism to the new multipolar architecture. It would be an epochal event!” says Tiberio Graziani, chairman of Vision & Global Trends: International Institute for Global Analyses, an Italy-based international affairs think tank.,Graziani is convinced that the benefits from the body’s expansion would be multifold, including rebalancing power in international organizations “hitherto essentially ‘Westernist’” and “hegemonized” by the West. “Above all,” he says, “enlargement would be essential to ensure greater stability” in the “turbulent geopolitical and geo-economic transition” that the present moment represents.,The observer stresses that any reforms would need to be gradual to prevent an institutional crisis, but admits that “some reforms must be radical,” given the organization’s dominance by Western powers.,Like Raffone, Graziani supports the increased visibility of BRICS nations in the body, citing their outsized significance to global security and the economy and underrepresentation in this sense.,“At the moment we are in a particular situation: on the one hand there is the West led by the United States and the British which constitutes a conservative pole that aims to maintain a hegemonic role on a planetary level, on the other hand there is a set of nations (basically the BRICS countries) which demand a greater presence in global decisions. Within the framework of the UN, the contribution of the BRICS countries would be fundamental since it would guarantee a balance that has not been there so far,” Graziani believes.,The observer stresses that there simply is no alternative to the UN’s authority in international affairs, and that subsequently, “a new, more balanced (multipolar) international forum needs to be set up” in the present situation.。 作为一名从业十余年的地产观察者，我注意到今年秋天的媒体语境中，“金九银十”这个词几乎失去了往日的声量。市场的喧嚣被一种近乎凝滞的静默取代，这种静默，比任何数据都更能反映当前楼市的真实温度。 回顾去年国庆，受“9·24”新政提振，全国多地楼市曾短暂回暖。广州、深圳等地甚至还出现了抢房的盛况，媒体铺天盖地的“金九银十”报道，确实也成色十足，当时市场普遍认为，房地产已触底，2025年上半年将迎来反弹。 然而，刚刚过去的国庆中秋双节，却几乎迎来近十年最差的楼市。笔者到南昌一些新推楼盘走访，开发商也推出了特价房源、赠送车位、家装补贴以及“保价”等一系列营销活动，但与去年国庆的盛况相比，今年就冷清多了，没有了热闹的人流，曾经彻夜不息的灯光暗了下来，促销横幅在秋风中褪色，这一切与去年的盛况形成鲜明对比。 一位销售坦言，9月份以来，在各种促销攻势之下，新房销售确实稍有好转，主要是以价换量推动一些刚需用户下定决心，但是整个市场并未发生根本性改变，“数据一如既往难看，我们售楼中心好多人都兼职卖二手房了。”这话语背后，是整个行业正在经历的深刻转型。 与去年此时密集的政策刺激不同，今年从中央政治局会议到地方政策出台，基调都转向“稳预期、防风险”。政策重心从刺激交易转向托底市场，这种转变正在重塑全社会对房地产的认知。 首先，购房者心态已发生根本性转变。过去三十年房地产之所以狂飙突进，一方面是其居住的属性需求，另一方面则是投资需求，或者是炒房的需求，而投资向来是买涨不买跌，买的是一个预期。事实也证明，在那个“买涨不买跌”的年代，上涨预期催生了楼市黄金二十年。
B | 而今，在住房总量基本饱和、空置率居高不下的背景下，房子的投资属性正在剥离，回归居住本质。这种转变使得购房逻辑彻底反转——现在是“买跌不买涨”，甚至“只看不买”。这也就能解释为何现在各种大促，反而让民众有了未来更便宜的想法。 国家力推四代住宅提升品质的同时，存量房激增成为去化的最大挑战。国盛证券研究表明，我国存量住房已基本满足需求，未来十年住房需求可能再降三成。住建部2025年3月公布的数据显示，全国城镇住房空置率达16.2%，涉及3.9亿套城镇住房。 商业地产同样不容乐观。仲量联行数据显示，今年二季度全国主要城市甲级办公楼新增供应170.5万平方米，其中一线城市占115.8万平方米。集中供应推高上海空置率至24.6%，广州至23.8%，深圳更是达到26.5%。 其次，高空置率叠加经济增速放缓，强化了市场对房价下行的预期。看国家统计局发布的全国70个大中型城市房价，8月份一线城市二手住宅销售价格环比下降1.0%，其中，北京、上海、广州和深圳分别下降1.2%、1.0%、0.9%和0.8%；二线城市二手住宅销售价格环比下降0.6%，降幅扩大0.1个百分点；三线城市二手住宅销售价格环比下降0.5%。
C | 9月份70个城市环比同比全部下跌，无一例外。 一线城市跌幅为1.0%左右（北京、上海、广州、深圳降0.9%、1.0%、0.8%、1.0%），二、三线城市跌幅为0.7%和0.6%左右。同比已经有不少城市跌幅达10%，意味着去年200万购入的房产，如今蒸发20万价值——这几乎是普通工薪阶层两年的收入。这种持续阴跌进一步固化了购房者的观望心态。 当前购房门槛确实显著降低：首付比例最低降至15%，首套房贷利率探至3.05%，公积金贷款利率更低至2.6%，房价较2021年高点平均回落超30%。 然而，这些“利好”并未激发购买热情，反而让更多人期待“更低的底”。谈论房价时，人们语气中的迟疑取代了从前的笃定，谨慎算计压过了冲动消费。 即使有真实需求的购房者也会变得格外谨慎，担心自己今天买入明天就贬值，成为接盘侠。 笔者去年8月曾写《熊市买房记》记录当时的买房遭遇和心态，后来买房泡汤核心也是害怕做接盘侠。
D | 有开发商悄悄将“限时折扣”改成了“保价承诺”，试图对抗那看不见却无处不在的贬值预期，但于大势而言，仍显得有点螳臂当车。 再者，交付风险成为悬在购房者头上的达摩克利斯之剑。开发商债务危机频发，连昔日稳健的万科也面临考验。根据万科财报，截至2025年二季度末，万科流动负债有6411亿元，其中一年内到期的短期债务合计有1578.59亿元，但其账上货币资金有740亿元，规模持续下降，无法覆盖短债，公司存在一定短期偿债压力。当民营房企普遍陷入信用危机，“能否交房”远比“价格多优”更令人关切。
E | 在风险面前，低价已失去吸引力。 8月国务院会议重申要“采取有力措施巩固房地产市场止跌回稳态势”，释放积极信号。
F | 京沪深三大一线城市也开始逐步松绑周边区域的限购，先是8月初北京大幅放宽五环外的限购措施，并在全市范围内优化公积金政策；下旬上海放宽外环外限购，房贷利率也不再区分首套和二套，在进一步利好需求的同时，风向标意义也被看重。
G | 9月深圳也跟进，成都、长沙等其他二、三线城市也都打出各种促销牌，促进各地项目加快销售和行情向好。 现实证明，在周期面前，我们能做的终究有限。
H | 回顾房地产下行的这三年，我们见证了政策的频繁调整、开发商的奋力自救，也目睹了中国人对“居者有其屋”的传统执着与投资狂热如何相互交织。当市场从非理性繁荣回归冷静，或许正是价值规律重新主导的时刻。 《史记》有言：“察势者明，趋势者智。”当下的中国房地产，正从口号驱动的狂欢转向周期审视的理性。
I | 人们开始学会像秋收后盘点仓廪的农人，懂得留种比挥霍更需要智慧与定力。市场的体温或许暂时偏低，但正如日本楼市在沉寂二十年后重现生机，欧美经历百年起伏仍保持活跃交易，中国房地产的调整并非终点，而是一场合乎时序的回归。 我们需要的是耐心，静候这个巨量市场在新的平衡点上重新找到它的节奏。 本文来自微信公众号：秦朔朋友圈 （ID：qspyq2015），作者：梁云风。
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